So I did some debugging.
I put the Tab into developer mode, connected the USB and ran adb logcat > c:\temp\debug.txt from a command prompt.
Whenever the volume dropped I looked for patterns. I started to notice
requestAudioFocus() from android.media.AudioManager$8d530e6org.chromium.content.browser.AudioFocusDelegate$f901627 req=3flags=0x0 AudioManager dispatching onAudioFocusChange(-3)and
AudioFocus abandonAudioFocus() from android.media.AudioManager$8d530e6org.chromium.content.browser.AudioFocusDelegate$f901627 AudioManager dispatching onAudioFocusChange(1)So I ran baretail with the syntax highlighting turned on and it confirmed the pattern was happening whenever the volume dropped.
Looking at the documentation it indicated that the audio was requesting to be reduced (and then subsequently returned to normal).
I ran adb shell ps > c:\temp\process to determine the process names that correlated to the PIDs in the log output.
Looking further in the logs I could see entries like
com.giantssoftware.fs18.google 14229 W AudioTrack: AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_FAST denied by client; transfer 1, track 48000 Hz, output 44100 Hz /system/bin/mediaserver 9422 W AudioPolicyIntefaceImpl: Skipped to add effects on session 332
Farming Simulator 18? What is this doing? It is installed, but not running in the foreground. It kept trying to do something with the audio.
It also kept trying to download some Javascript.
com.giantssoftware.fs18.google com.giantssoftware.fs18.google I chromium: [INFO:CONSOLE(1)] "05bd228f", source: https://vpaid.springserve.com/production/vpaid_a1597ab3.js (1)So I uninstalled it. And the audio is back to normal!
The problem is known as "ducking". This article provides greater background.
It seems like Farming Simulator 18 was causing the problem. It was also installed on my other son's tablet.